Value chain emissions (also known as Scope 3 emissions) 

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that occur beyond a company’s direct operations, including both upstream emissions from suppliers (e.g. raw material extraction, manufacturing and transportation) and downstream emissions from product use, disposal and end-of-life treatment. Since value chain emissions often constitute the largest share of a company’s total carbon footprint, addressing them is essential for achieving meaningful emissions reductions and sustainability goals.