Carbon capture and storage (CCS)/ Carbon capture usage and storage (CCUS) 

A technology-driven process designed to capture, transport and either store or repurpose carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from industrial sources and power generation. This process helps reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by preventing CO₂ from entering the atmosphere. 

Key Components: 

1. Carbon capture – CO₂ is captured at the source, such as power plants, factories or through direct air capture systems, using technologies like absorption, adsorption or membrane separation. 

2. Carbon usage – The captured CO₂ is repurposed in industrial processes (e.g. enhanced oil recovery, synthetic fuels or concrete production) instead of being emitted into the atmosphere. 

3. Carbon storage – CO₂ is permanently stored underground in geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline aquifers or other stable underground sites.